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    Patricio is, as I would expect, absolutely correct.<br>
    <br>
    And it's very important to note the distinction between policy that
    is either binding, or is taken to be so by the actors involed, and a
    "news memo" which Jon dashed off when he was getting awkward letters
    from a number of governments asking him why he "gave away the
    countries TLDs" to private individuals and companies.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    �<br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 09/08/2014 05:53 PM, Patricio
      Poblete wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CACdOtDTioXTcOJrH_EpXczZy0ikM8Z4r3EdpBM_H05Rq7EqbhA@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">Mike,
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>You are probably thinking of the sentence "The IANA takes
          the desires of the government of the country very seriously".
          That is not in RFC1591. It appeared later in ccTLD News Memo
          #1.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Patricio</div>
        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Sep 8, 2014 at 12:56 PM, Mike
            Roberts <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:mmr@darwin.ptvy.ca.us" target="_blank">mmr@darwin.ptvy.ca.us</a>&gt;</span>
            wrote:<br>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
              .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div style="word-wrap:break-word">
                <div>Did anyone think that right wing America Firsters
                  wouldn�t use as much FUD as they could muster to try
                  to derail the NTIA initiative? �Check some of the
                  Congressional grand stand statements.
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>This mess of mistatement and innuendo is SOP.</div>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>A �majority� of governments are authoritarian?
                  �That�s a pretty big paintbrush.</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>As Jon Postel said way back in 1591, governments do
                  matter. �Multistakeholderism without a role for
                  governments isn�t going to work. �ICANN is actually
                  trying to smoke out behind the scenes gorilla behavior
                  in the GAC by requiring recorded votes with a majority
                  needed for �advice.� �Raising the Board threshold for
                  rejecting the advice is a nominal quid pro quo with
                  little effect.</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>- Mike</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <br>
                <div>
                  <div>On Sep 8, 2014, at 6:49 AM, Miles Fidelman &lt;<a
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      href="mailto:mfidelman@meetinghouse.net"
                      target="_blank">mfidelman@meetinghouse.net</a>&gt;
                    wrote:</div>
                  <br>
                  <blockquote type="cite">
                    <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Well, isn't
                      this a nice kettle of fish.<br>
                      <br>
                      -------- Forwarded Message --------
                      <div
style="word-wrap:break-word;font-size:16px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
                        <h1> The Internet Power Vacuum Worsens</h1>
                        <h2> The U.S. hasn't even abandoned its Web
                          protection yet, and authoritarians are making
                          their move.</h2>
                        <h1>
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style="padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:12px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(102,102,102)">By</span>�
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style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;vertical-align:baseline;text-transform:uppercase">L.


                                    GORDON CROVIT</span></div>
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                                7, 2014 5:11 p.m. ET</div>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">The


                                Obama administration plan to give up
                                U.S. protection of the open Internet
                                won't take effect for a year, but
                                authoritarian governments are already
                                moving to grab control. President Obama
                                is learning it's as dangerous for
                                America to create a vacuum of power in
                                the digital world as in the real one.</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">In


                                March the administration asked Icann,
                                the Internet Corporation for Assigned
                                Names and Numbers, to suggest a plan for
                                overseeing the Internet after September
                                2015, when U.S. governance is scheduled
                                to end. The U.S. charged this group,
                                which maintains the root-zone file of
                                domain names and addresses, with somehow
                                finding mechanisms to prevent other
                                governments from undermining the
                                permissionless, free-speech Internet
                                built under U.S. oversight.</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Instead,


                                Icann set up a process to hand control
                                over to governments. Under the current
                                "multistakeholder" system, an advisory
                                group of governments has only as much
                                power as other stakeholders, such as Web
                                registries, website owners, free-speech
                                groups and other nonprofits. But in
                                August, Icann quietly proposed changing
                                its bylaws to rubber-stamp government
                                decisions unless two-thirds of the Icann
                                board objects. In turn, Iran has
                                proposed that the government group move
                                to majority voting from the current
                                consensus approach. That would enable
                                the world's majority of authoritarian
                                governments to rewire the Internet more
                                to their liking.</p>
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                                                Image</span></a></div>
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                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">What


                                will this mean? Authoritarian
                                governments could for the first time
                                censor the Web globally, not just in
                                their own countries. Russia could get
                                Icann to withdraw Ukrainian sites. China
                                could engineer the world-wide removal of
                                sites supporting freedom for Hong Kong
                                or Tibet. Iran could censor its critics
                                in the U.S. Website operators could also
                                expect new global fees and regulations.</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Such


                                a change "would fundamentally transform
                                Icann away from being a 'bottom-up' and
                                'private sector-led' organization and
                                into a governmental regulatory agency,"
                                wrote Robin Gross, a former chairman of
                                the Icann group representing nonprofits,
                                on the CircleID blog. "Why Icann would
                                voluntarily choose to empower
                                non-democratic governments with an even
                                greater say over global Internet
                                policies as this bylaw change would do
                                is anyone's guess."</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">The


                                Internet Commerce Association, which
                                represents Web businesses, warns that
                                the proposal "would transform Icann into
                                a government-led organization," which is
                                "completely counter" to the U.S.
                                requirement that the Internet remain
                                free of government control.</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">In


                                a speech in July, a U.S. Commerce
                                Departmentofficial played down the
                                danger. "The idea that governments could
                                enhance their influence within Icann by
                                changing its rules to allow for a
                                majority vote on policy issues reflects
                                a misunderstanding of the policymaking
                                process at Icann," said Assistant
                                Secretary Lawrence Strickling. Wrong.
                                Mr. Strickling and his administration
                                colleagues have misunderstood how
                                serious other governments are about
                                filling the vacuum of power with
                                repression.</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Icann


                                also upset all its major stakeholder
                                groups by ignoring their demand to make
                                it more accountable absent U.S.
                                oversight. Stakeholders had instructed
                                Icann to create an "independent
                                accountability mechanism that provides
                                meaningful review and adequate redress
                                for those harmed by Icann action or
                                inaction in contravention of an
                                agreed-upon compact with the community."
                                Instead, Icann announced that it would
                                oversee itself.</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">A
                                dozen stakeholder groups quickly sent
                                Icann chief Fadi Chehade a letter
                                objecting. "How does Icann intend to
                                handle the inherent conflict of interest
                                with developing its own accountability
                                plan?" they asked. "Why didn't Icann
                                invite proposals from the community and
                                why wasn't the community involved in the
                                drafting of the staff plan?"</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">An


                                objection sent jointly by business and
                                nonprofit stakeholder groups to the
                                Icann board said: "This plan, imposed on
                                the community without transparency and
                                without the opportunity for public
                                comment, creates inconsistency,
                                disregards proper Icann procedure,
                                injects unfairness into the process and
                                defeats the purpose of the entire
                                accountability examination."</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Philip


                                Corwin, a lawyer specializing in Icann
                                issues, calls pushback against the
                                organization "unprecedented." Last week,
                                Icann agreed to put off the new rules,
                                but only for a brief comment period.</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Much


                                of the blame for the splintering of the
                                multistakeholder system lies with Mr.
                                Obama's na�vet� in putting Internet
                                governance up for grabs. He
                                underestimated the importance of
                                Washington's control in maintaining an
                                open Internet�and the desire among other
                                governments to close the Internet. And
                                there still is no plan to keep Icann
                                free from control by governments.</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Administration


                                officials pledged to Congress that the
                                U.S. would keep control over the
                                Internet if the alternative was to
                                empower other governments or if there
                                isn't full accountability for Icann.
                                Both red lines have been crossed.</p>
                              <p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">If


                                Mr. Obama persists, Congress should
                                block his plan with a simple message:
                                The open Internet is too valuable to
                                surrender.</p>
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