<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div>It is entirely consistent with the White Paper, the NTIA-ICANN MOU, the original NTIA-ICANN agreement re IANA, and the creation of ICANN’s ASO, PSO and DNSO Supporting Organizations in 1999, when it was issued. &nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>If you want to go back and challenge the legitimacy of the various directives issued at that time by the government, and the actions of the ICANN Board to implement them, have at it. &nbsp;They have been rehearsed here and elsewhere for some years. &nbsp;Given that ICANN was created, among other reasons, to provide a private sector forum for resolving DNS disputes, and that resolved disputes frequently have winners and losers, it is not likely that ICANN will ever be a quiet place.</div><div><br></div><div>I have been on record for a very long time to the effect that ICANN’s flimsy legal base needs shoring up. &nbsp;In the present miserable political situation in the US, that is not going to happen. &nbsp;(And considering the ongoing globalization of the net, perhaps should not happen.) There is now fifteen years and counting of precedental legal framework around ICANN that has built on the original foundation, flimsy or not. I very much doubt that one could find much support for starting over.</div><div><br></div><div>- Mike</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br><div><div>On Sep 8, 2014, at 2:40 PM, Nigel Roberts &lt;<a href="mailto:nigel@roberts.co.uk">nigel@roberts.co.uk</a>&gt; wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite">
  
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    And actually this is the problem.<br>
    <br>
    ICP-1 has no status whatsoever.&nbsp; And it was written long after Jon's
    passing/<br>
    <br>
    It purported not to be a change in policy.&nbsp; In fact, it was exactly
    that.<br>
    <br>
    Furthermore the very idea that ICANN can change IANA policy,
    affecting parties over which it has not statutory power or
    contractual relationship is curious.<br>
    <br>
    As a former CEO of ICANN, on what authority (in California, or
    elsewhere)&nbsp; do you believe this to be based?<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 09/08/2014 06:55 PM, Mike Roberts
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:EB439AD1-4CB3-46EE-88D1-271F019D8218@darwin.ptvy.ca.us" type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
        charset=windows-1252">
      <div>Nigel - Apologies for not checking my sources carefully.
        &nbsp;What I had in mind, actually, was the following text from
        ICP-1, issued in May 1999.</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica,
          arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"This document is a
          summary of current practices of the Internet Assigned Numbers
          Authority (</span><abbr title="Internet Assigned Numbers
          Authority" style="box-sizing: border-box; unicode-bidi:
          bidi-override; direction: ltr; border-bottom-width: 1px;
          border-bottom-style: dotted; cursor: help; -webkit-transition:
          all 0.2s; transition: all 0.2s; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);
          font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
          line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">IANA</abbr><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, arial,
          sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">) in administering&nbsp;</span><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.iana.org/go/rfc1591" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
          255); color: rgb(33, 123, 192); text-decoration: none;
          font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
          line-height: 22px;"><abbr title="Request for Comments" class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; unicode-bidi:
            bidi-override; direction: ltr; border-bottom-width: 1px;
            border-bottom-style: dotted; cursor: help;
            -webkit-transition: all 0.2s; transition: all 0.2s;">RFC</abbr>&nbsp;1591</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, arial,
          sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, which includes the
          guidance contained in&nbsp;</span><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-news1.htm" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
          255); color: rgb(33, 123, 192); text-decoration: none;
          font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
          line-height: 22px;"><abbr title="Country Code Top Level
            Domain" style="box-sizing: border-box; unicode-bidi:
            bidi-override; direction: ltr; border-bottom-width: 1px;
            border-bottom-style: dotted; cursor: help;
            -webkit-transition: all 0.2s; transition: all 0.2s;">ccTLD</abbr>&nbsp;News
          Memo #1</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:
          helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height:
          22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;dated October
          23, 1997. It DOES NOT reflect any changes in policy affecting
          the administration of&nbsp;</span><abbr title="Domain Name System" style="box-sizing: border-box; unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
          direction: ltr; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style:
          dotted; cursor: help; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s;
          transition: all 0.2s; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:
          helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height:
          22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">DNS</abbr><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, arial,
          sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;delegations. It is
          intended to serve as the basis for possible future discussions
          of policy in this area. Changes in&nbsp;</span><abbr title="Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers" style="box-sizing: border-box; unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
          direction: ltr; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style:
          dotted; cursor: help; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s;
          transition: all 0.2s; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:
          helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height:
          22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ICANN</abbr><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, arial,
          sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">/</span><abbr title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority" style="box-sizing:
          border-box; unicode-bidi: bidi-override; direction: ltr;
          border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; cursor:
          help; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s; transition: all 0.2s;
          color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, arial,
          sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">IANA</abbr><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, arial,
          sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">policy will be made
          following public notice and comment in accordance with the&nbsp;</span><abbr title="Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers" style="box-sizing: border-box; unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
          direction: ltr; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style:
          dotted; cursor: help; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s;
          transition: all 0.2s; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:
          helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height:
          22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ICANN</abbr><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, arial,
          sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Bylaws.</span><font color="#333333" face="helvetica, arial, sans-serif" size="3"><span style="line-height: 22px;">”</span></font></div>
      <div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica,
          arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br>
        </span></div>
      <div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica,
          arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br>
        </span></div>
      <div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica,
          arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;
          background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- Mike</span></div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>On Sep 8, 2014, at 10:42 AM, Nigel Roberts &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:nigel@roberts.co.uk">nigel@roberts.co.uk</a>&gt;
        wrote:</div>
      <div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" http-equiv="Content-Type">
          <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Patricio is, as I would
            expect, absolutely correct.<br>
            <br>
            And it's very important to note the distinction between
            policy that is either binding, or is taken to be so by the
            actors involed, and a "news memo" which Jon dashed off when
            he was getting awkward letters from a number of governments
            asking him why he "gave away the countries TLDs" to private
            individuals and companies.<br>
            <br>
            <br>
            &nbsp;<br>
            <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 09/08/2014 05:53 PM,
              Patricio Poblete wrote:<br>
            </div>
            <blockquote cite="mid:CACdOtDTioXTcOJrH_EpXczZy0ikM8Z4r3EdpBM_H05Rq7EqbhA@mail.gmail.com" type="cite">
              <div dir="ltr">Mike,
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>You are probably thinking of the sentence "The IANA
                  takes the desires of the government of the country
                  very seriously". That is not in RFC1591. It appeared
                  later in ccTLD News Memo #1.</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>Patricio</div>
                <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                  <div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Sep 8, 2014 at 12:56
                    PM, Mike Roberts <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:mmr@darwin.ptvy.ca.us" target="_blank">mmr@darwin.ptvy.ca.us</a>&gt;</span>
                    wrote:<br>
                    <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
                      .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                      <div style="word-wrap:break-word">
                        <div>Did anyone think that right wing America
                          Firsters wouldn’t use as much FUD as they
                          could muster to try to derail the NTIA
                          initiative? &nbsp;Check some of the Congressional
                          grand stand statements.
                          <div><br>
                          </div>
                          <div>This mess of mistatement and innuendo is
                            SOP.</div>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>A “majority” of governments are
                          authoritarian? &nbsp;That’s a pretty big
                          paintbrush.</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>As Jon Postel said way back in 1591,
                          governments do matter. &nbsp;Multistakeholderism
                          without a role for governments isn’t going to
                          work. &nbsp;ICANN is actually trying to smoke out
                          behind the scenes gorilla behavior in the GAC
                          by requiring recorded votes with a majority
                          needed for “advice.” &nbsp;Raising the Board
                          threshold for rejecting the advice is a
                          nominal quid pro quo with little effect.</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>- Mike</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <br>
                        <div>
                          <div>On Sep 8, 2014, at 6:49 AM, Miles
                            Fidelman &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:mfidelman@meetinghouse.net" target="_blank">mfidelman@meetinghouse.net</a>&gt;

                            wrote:</div>
                          <br>
                          <blockquote type="cite">
                            <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Well,
                              isn't this a nice kettle of fish.<br>
                              <br>
                              -------- Forwarded Message --------
                              <div style="word-wrap:break-word;font-size:16px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
                                <h1> The Internet Power Vacuum Worsens</h1>
                                <h2> The U.S. hasn't even abandoned its
                                  Web protection yet, and authoritarians
                                  are making their move.</h2>
                                <h1>
                                  <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline">
                                    <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline;width:320px">
                                      <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:1px
                                        solid
rgba(0,0,0,0.0980392);outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline;float:right;width:76px;min-height:76px"><img moz-do-not-send="true" src="http://s.wsj.net/img/renocol_GordonCrovitz.gif" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;max-width:100%" height="76px" width="76px"></div>
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                                        0px 0px
2rem;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:1.2rem;vertical-align:baseline;letter-spacing:0.1rem;line-height:2.1rem;float:left;width:215px;text-align:right"><span style="padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:12px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(102,102,102)">By</span>&nbsp;
                                        <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:12px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline"><span rel="author" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;vertical-align:baseline;text-transform:uppercase">L.



                                            GORDON CROVIT</span></div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
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                                    <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline">
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                                        8px;padding:0px;border-width:1px
0px;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-style:solid;border-top-color:rgb(230,230,230);border-bottom-color:rgb(230,230,230);outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:39px;overflow:visible;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline;float:right">
                                    </div>
                                    <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline">
                                      <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;width:591.224975585938px;clear:both;font-family:Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:2.1rem;color:rgb(153,153,153)">Sept.



                                        7, 2014 5:11 p.m. ET</div><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">The



                                        Obama administration plan to
                                        give up U.S. protection of the
                                        open Internet won't take effect
                                        for a year, but authoritarian
                                        governments are already moving
                                        to grab control. President Obama
                                        is learning it's as dangerous
                                        for America to create a vacuum
                                        of power in the digital world as
                                        in the real one.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">In



                                        March the administration asked
                                        Icann, the Internet Corporation
                                        for Assigned Names and Numbers,
                                        to suggest a plan for overseeing
                                        the Internet after September
                                        2015, when U.S. governance is
                                        scheduled to end. The U.S.
                                        charged this group, which
                                        maintains the root-zone file of
                                        domain names and addresses, with
                                        somehow finding mechanisms to
                                        prevent other governments from
                                        undermining the permissionless,
                                        free-speech Internet built under
                                        U.S. oversight.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Instead,



                                        Icann set up a process to hand
                                        control over to governments.
                                        Under the current
                                        "multistakeholder" system, an
                                        advisory group of governments
                                        has only as much power as other
                                        stakeholders, such as Web
                                        registries, website owners,
                                        free-speech groups and other
                                        nonprofits. But in August, Icann
                                        quietly proposed changing its
                                        bylaws to rubber-stamp
                                        government decisions unless
                                        two-thirds of the Icann board
                                        objects. In turn, Iran has
                                        proposed that the government
                                        group move to majority voting
                                        from the current consensus
                                        approach. That would enable the
                                        world's majority of
                                        authoritarian governments to
                                        rewire the Internet more to
                                        their liking.</p>
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8px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline;width:264px;float:left;clear:left">
                                        <div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline">
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                                                        Image</span></a></div>
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                                                <img moz-do-not-send="true" src="http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/BN-EK819_edp090_D_20140907144626.jpg" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:10.3999996185303px;vertical-align:baseline;display:block;min-height:175.199996948242px;width:264px" height="174" width="262"></div>
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0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(102,102,102)"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:11.1999998092651px;font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline">Agence



                                                  France-Presse/Getty
                                                  Images</span></div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">What



                                        will this mean? Authoritarian
                                        governments could for the first
                                        time censor the Web globally,
                                        not just in their own countries.
                                        Russia could get Icann to
                                        withdraw Ukrainian sites. China
                                        could engineer the world-wide
                                        removal of sites supporting
                                        freedom for Hong Kong or Tibet.
                                        Iran could censor its critics in
                                        the U.S. Website operators could
                                        also expect new global fees and
                                        regulations.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Such



                                        a change "would fundamentally
                                        transform Icann away from being
                                        a 'bottom-up' and 'private
                                        sector-led' organization and
                                        into a governmental regulatory
                                        agency," wrote Robin Gross, a
                                        former chairman of the Icann
                                        group representing nonprofits,
                                        on the CircleID blog. "Why Icann
                                        would voluntarily choose to
                                        empower non-democratic
                                        governments with an even greater
                                        say over global Internet
                                        policies as this bylaw change
                                        would do is anyone's guess."</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">The



                                        Internet Commerce Association,
                                        which represents Web businesses,
                                        warns that the proposal "would
                                        transform Icann into a
                                        government-led organization,"
                                        which is "completely counter" to
                                        the U.S. requirement that the
                                        Internet remain free of
                                        government control.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">In



                                        a speech in July, a U.S.
                                        Commerce Departmentofficial
                                        played down the danger. "The
                                        idea that governments could
                                        enhance their influence within
                                        Icann by changing its rules to
                                        allow for a majority vote on
                                        policy issues reflects a
                                        misunderstanding of the
                                        policymaking process at Icann,"
                                        said Assistant Secretary
                                        Lawrence Strickling. Wrong. Mr.
                                        Strickling and his
                                        administration colleagues have
                                        misunderstood how serious other
                                        governments are about filling
                                        the vacuum of power with
                                        repression.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Icann



                                        also upset all its major
                                        stakeholder groups by ignoring
                                        their demand to make it more
                                        accountable absent U.S.
                                        oversight. Stakeholders had
                                        instructed Icann to create an
                                        "independent accountability
                                        mechanism that provides
                                        meaningful review and adequate
                                        redress for those harmed by
                                        Icann action or inaction in
                                        contravention of an agreed-upon
                                        compact with the community."
                                        Instead, Icann announced that it
                                        would oversee itself.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">A
                                        dozen stakeholder groups quickly
                                        sent Icann chief Fadi Chehade a
                                        letter objecting. "How does
                                        Icann intend to handle the
                                        inherent conflict of interest
                                        with developing its own
                                        accountability plan?" they
                                        asked. "Why didn't Icann invite
                                        proposals from the community and
                                        why wasn't the community
                                        involved in the drafting of the
                                        staff plan?"</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">An



                                        objection sent jointly by
                                        business and nonprofit
                                        stakeholder groups to the Icann
                                        board said: "This plan, imposed
                                        on the community without
                                        transparency and without the
                                        opportunity for public comment,
                                        creates inconsistency,
                                        disregards proper Icann
                                        procedure, injects unfairness
                                        into the process and defeats the
                                        purpose of the entire
                                        accountability examination."</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Philip



                                        Corwin, a lawyer specializing in
                                        Icann issues, calls pushback
                                        against the organization
                                        "unprecedented." Last week,
                                        Icann agreed to put off the new
                                        rules, but only for a brief
                                        comment period.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Much



                                        of the blame for the splintering
                                        of the multistakeholder system
                                        lies with Mr. Obama's naďveté in
                                        putting Internet governance up
                                        for grabs. He underestimated the
                                        importance of Washington's
                                        control in maintaining an open
                                        Internet—and the desire among
                                        other governments to close the
                                        Internet. And there still is no
                                        plan to keep Icann free from
                                        control by governments.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">Administration



                                        officials pledged to Congress
                                        that the U.S. would keep control
                                        over the Internet if the
                                        alternative was to empower other
                                        governments or if there isn't
                                        full accountability for Icann.
                                        Both red lines have been
                                        crossed.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px
1em;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;font-size:15px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:1.4em">If



                                        Mr. Obama persists, Congress
                                        should block his plan with a
                                        simple message: The open
                                        Internet is too valuable to
                                        surrender.</p>
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